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How to Use This Book
Goals
Uses
Book Organization
I. Introduction
A. What Is Reading?
B. Why You Read
C. What You Read
D. Reading as a Process
E. The Reading and Writing Process
II. The Reading Process
A. Before Reading
Set a Purpose
Preview
Plan
B. During Reading
Read with a Purpose
Connect
C. After Reading
Pause and Reflect
Reread
Remember
III. Reading Know-how
A. Essential Reading Skills
1. Making Inferences
2. Drawing Conclusions
3. Comparing and Contrasting
4. Evaluating
B. Reading Actively
1. Ways of Reading Actively
2. Finding a Place to Read
3. Making Time for Reading
C. Reading Paragraphs
1. Finding the Subject
2. Finding the Main Idea
D. Kinds of Paragraphs
E. Ways of Organizing Paragraphs
1. Time Order
2. Geographic Order
3. Order of Importance
4. Comparison-Contrast Order
5. Cause-Effect Order
6. Classification Order
7. Listing Order
8. Mixed Order
IV. Reading Textbooks
A. Introduction to Reading Textbooks
B. Reading Different Subjects
1. Reading History
2. Reading Science
3. Reading Math
C. Focus on School Reading
1. Focus on Foreign Language
2. Focus on Science Concepts
3. Focus on Questions
4. Focus on Word Problems
D. Elements of Textbooks
Chapter Previews; Charts and Graphs; Footnotes; Glossaries;
Indexes; Maps; Photos and Illustrations; Special Features;
Study Questions and Reviews; Table of Contents; Timelines;
Typography; Unit, Chapter, and Section Headings
V. Reading Nonfiction
A. Introduction to Reading Nonfiction
B. Reading Kinds of Nonfiction
1. Reading a Personal Essay
2. Reading an Editorial
3. Reading a News Story
4. Reading a Biography
5. Reading a Memoir
C. Ways of Reading Nonfiction
1. Focus on Persuasive Writing
2. Focus on Speeches
D. Elements of Nonfiction
Allusion; Analogy; Anecdote; Assertion or Viewpoint;
Author's Purpose; Bias; Connotation and Denotation;
Deductive Reasoning; Inductive Reasoning; Irony; Jargon;
Lead; Main Idea; Rhetorical Questions; Satire;
Supporting Details; Understatement
VI. Reading Fiction
A. Introduction to Reading Fiction
B. Reading Kinds of Fiction
1. Reading a Short Story
2. Reading a Novel
C. Ways of Reading Fiction
1. Focus on Plot
2. Focus on Setting
3. Focus on Characters
4. Focus on Theme
5. Focus on Dialogue
6. Focus on Comparing and Contrasting
D. Elements of Fiction
Antagonist and Protagonist; Character; Conflict and Complication;
Dialogue and Dialect; Flashback; Foreshadowing; Genre; Irony;
Persona; Plot and Subplot; Point of View; Setting; Style; Symbol;
Theme; Tone and Mood
VII. Reading Poetry
A. Introduction to Reading Poetry
B. Reading a Poem
C. Ways of Reading Poetry
1. Focus on Language
2. Focus on Meaning
3. Focus on Sound and Structure
D. Elements of Poetry
Alliteration; Allusion; Consonance; Figurative Language; Free Verse;
Hyperbole; Imagery; Inversion; Lyric; Metaphor; Mood;
Onomatopoeia; Personification; Repetition; Rhyme and
Rhyme Scheme; Rhythm; Simile; Stanza; Symbol; Tone
VIII. Reading Drama
A. Introduction to Reading Drama
B. Reading a Play
C. Ways of Reading Drama
1. Focus on Language
2. Focus on Theme
3. Focus on Shakespeare
D. Elements of Drama
Acts and Scenes; Cast of Characters; Chorus; Dialogue;
Dramatic Devices; Plot and Subplot; Stage Directions; Structure;
Theme
IX. Reading on the Internet
A. Reading a Website
B. Elements of the Internet
Email; Newsgroup; Search Engine; World Wide Web
X. Reading Graphics
A. Introduction to Reading Graphics
B. Reading a Graphic
C. Elements of Graphics
Bar Graph; Cartoon; Diagram; Flow Chart; Line Graph; Map;
Photograph; Pie Chart; Table; Timeline
XI. Reading for the Everyday World
A. Introduction to Reading for the Everyday World
B. Reading a Driver's Handbook
C. Kinds of Everyday Reading
1. Focus on Reading Instructions
2. Focus on Reading for Work
XII. Reading for Tests
A. Introduction to Reading for Tests
B. Reading Tests and Test Questions
C. Focus on Kinds of Tests
1. Focus on English Tests
2. Focus on Writing Tests
3. Focus on Standardized Tests
4. Focus on History Tests
5. Focus on Math Tests
6. Focus on Science Tests
XIII. Improving Vocabulary
A. Introduction to Improving Vocabulary
B. Improving Vocabulary
C. Learning New Words
1. Why Build a Strong Vocabulary?
2. Collecting New Words
D. Ways to Make Vocabulary-Building Fun
1. Read in Your Leisure Time
2. Be an Active Listener
3. Play Word Games
E. Skills for Learning New Words
1. Context Clues
2. Understanding Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
3. Putting Word Parts Together
4. Word Families
F. Diving into Dictionaries and Thesauruses
1. Using Different Dictionaries
2. Parts of a Dictionary
3. Focus on Using a Thesaurus
4. Connotation and Denotation
G. Analogies
1. How to Read Analogies
2. Sample Analogy Questions
3. Types of Analogies
Reader's Almanac
A. Doing Research
1. The Basics of Research
2. Finding Sources
a. Primary Sources
b. Secondary Sources
c. The Internet and the Library
3. Evaluating Sources
4. Keeping Track of Information
a. Reading Sources
b. Taking Notes
5. Documentation
a. Informal Documentation
b. Formal Documentation
B. Strategy Handbook
Close Reading; Looking for Cause and Effect;
Note-taking; Outlining; Paraphrasing;
Questioning the Author; Reading Critically;
Skimming; Summarizing;Synthesizing;
Using Graphic Organizers;
Visualizing and Thinking Aloud
C. Reading Tools
Argument Chart; Cause-Effect Organizer; Character Development
Chart; Character Map; Character Web; Classification Notes;
Classification Notes; Close Reading Organizer; Concept Map;
Critical Reading Chart; Double-entry Journal; Evidence Organizer;
Fiction Organizer; 5 W's and H Organizer; Flow Chart;
Inference Chart; Key Word or Topic Notes; Magnet Summary;
Main Idea Organizer; Making Connections Chart; Nonfiction
Organizer; Outline; Paraphrase or Retelling Chart; Preview Chart;
Problem-Solution Organizer; Sequence Notes; Setting Chart;
Storyboard; Story String; Study or Note Cards; Summary Notes;
Timeline; Topic and Theme Organizer; Two-novel Map;
Venn Diagram; Web; Website Profiler
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